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→Потребность в протеине во время силовых тренировок
Ряд исследователей полагает, что спортсмены находящиеся на [[Низкокалорийная диета|низкокалорийной диете]] нуждаются в большем потреблении протеина<ref>Garthe I, Raastad T, Refsnes PE, Koivisto A, Sundgot-Borgen J: Effect of two different weight-loss rates on body composition and strength and power-related performance in elite athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2011, 21:97-104.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21558571?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Mero AA, Huovinen H, Matintupa O, Hulmi JJ, Puurtinen R, Hohtari H, Karila T: Moderate energy restriction with high protein diet results in healthier outcome in women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010, 7:4.Mero AA, Huovinen H, Matintupa O, Hulmi JJ, Puurtinen R, Hohtari H, Karila T: Moderate energy restriction with high protein diet results in healthier outcome in women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010, 7:4.</ref><ref>Mettler S, Mitchell N, Tipton KD: Increased protein intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010, 42:326-337.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19927027?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Millward DJ: Macronutrient intakes as determinants of dietary protein and amino acid adequacy. J Nutr 2004, 134:1588S-1596S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15173435?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Stiegler P, Cunliffe A: The role of diet and exercise for the maintenance of fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate during weight loss. Sports Med 2006, 36:239-262.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16526835?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Walberg JL, Leidy MK, Sturgill DJ, Hinkle DE, Ritchey SJ, Sebolt DR: Macronutrient content of a hypoenergy diet affects nitrogen retention and muscle function in weight lifters. Int J Sports Med 1988, 9:261-266.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3182156?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Helms ER, Zinn C, Rowlands DS, Brown SR: A systematic review of dietary protein during caloric restriction in resistance trained lean athletes: a case for higher intakes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013. Epub ahead of print</ref>. Считается, что потребление белка на уровне 1,2-2,2 г/кг массы тела является достаточным для нужд спортсменов в условиях обычного тренировочного процесса<ref>Lemon PW: Beyond the zone: protein needs of active individuals. J Am Coll Nutr 2000, 19:513S-521S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023001?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Phillips SM: Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to metabolic advantage. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2006, 31:647-654.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17213878?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Phillips SM, Moore DR, Tang JE: A critical examination of dietary protein requirements, benefits, and excesses in athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2007, 17(Suppl):S58-S76.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18577776?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Slater G, Phillips SM: Nutrition guidelines for strength sports: sprinting, weightlifting, throwing events, and bodybuilding. J Sports Sci 2011, 29:S67-S77.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21660839?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Tipton KD, Wolfe RR: Protein and amino acids for athletes. J Sports Sci 2004, 22:65-79.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14971434?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Phillips SM: Protein requirements and supplementation in strength sports. Nutrition 2004, 20:689-695.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15212752?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Tarnopolsky MA: Building muscle: nutrition to maximize bulk and strength adaptations to resistance exercise training. Eur J Sport Sci 2008, 8:67-76.http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461390801919128#.VFQadvmsWsw</ref><ref>Tipton KD: Protein for adaptations to exercise training. Eur J Sport Sci 2008, 8:107-118.http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461390801919102#.VFQagvmsWsw</ref>.
Однако при подготовке к соревнованиям бодибилдеры снижают [[Калорийность рациона спортсмена|калорийность диеты]] и подвергают себя серьезным [[Силовые и кардиотренировки|силовым и кардиотренировкам]], за счет чего тело спортсмена становится более рельефным<ref>Kleiner SM, Bazzarre TL, Litchford MD: Metabolic profiles, diet, and health practices of championship male and female bodybuilders. J Am Diet Assoc 1990, 90:962-967.Kleiner SM, Bazzarre TL, Litchford MD: Metabolic profiles, diet, and health practices of championship male and female bodybuilders. J Am Diet Assoc 1990, 90:962-967.</ref><ref>Sandoval WM, Heyward VH: Food selection patterns of bodybuilders. Int J Sport Nutr 1991, 1:61-68.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1844403?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Bamman MM, Hunter GR, Newton LE, Roney RK, Khaled MA: Changes in body composition, diet, and strength of bodybuilders during the 12 weeks prior to competition. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1993, 33:383-391.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8035587?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Lambert CP, Frank LL, Evans WJ: Macronutrient considerations for the sport of bodybuilding. Sports Med 2004, 34:317-327.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15107010?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Maestu J, Eliakim A, Jurimae J, Valter I, Jurimae T: Anabolic and catabolic hormones and energy balance of the male bodybuilders during the preparation for the competition. J Strength Cond Res 2010, 24:1074-1081. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20300017?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Sandoval WM, Heyward VH, Lyons TM: Comparison of body composition, exercise and nutritional profiles of female and male body builders at competition. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1989, 29:63-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2770270?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Walberg-Rankin J, Edmonds CE, Gwazdauskas FC: Diet and weight changes of female bodybuilders before and after competition. Int J Sport Nutr 1993, 3:87-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8499941?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Withers RT, Noell CJ, Whittingham NO, Chatterton BE, Schultz CG, Keeves JP: Body composition changes in elite male bodybuilders during preparation for competition. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1997, 29:11-16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9127683?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>van der Ploeg GE, Brooks AG, Withers RT, Dollman J, Leaney F, Chatterton BE: Body composition changes in female bodybuilders during preparation for competition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001, 55:268-277.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360131?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref><ref>Newton LE, Hunter GR, Bammon M, Roney RK: Changes in psychological state and self-reported diet during various phases of training in competitive bodybuilders. J Strength Cond Res 1993, 7:153-158. OpenURL</ref>.В целом, каждый из описанных факторов требует повышения уровня потребления протеинов, и особенно, если эти факторы действуют в совокупности<ref>Helms ER, Zinn C, Rowlands DS, Brown SR: A systematic review of dietary protein during caloric restriction in resistance trained lean athletes: a case for higher intakes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013. Epub ahead of print</ref>. Оптимальный уровень потребления протеина бодибилдерами во время подготовки к соревнованиям должен быть существенно вышеобычно рекомендуемых норм.
Целехова и коллеги<ref>Celejowa I, Homa M: Food intake, nitrogen and energy balance in Polish weight lifters, during a training camp. Nutr Metab 1970, 12:259-274. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5510411?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn</ref> сообщает, что у 5 из 10 испытуемых спортсменов-штангистов был отмечен отрицательный [[азотистый баланс]], уровень приема протеина при этом составлял у всех спортсменов 2 г/кг массы тела в день. При этом 3 из 5 спортсменов с негативным белковым балансом находились на низкокалорийной диете. Прием протеинов на уровне 2-2,2 г на кг массы тела в день спорстменами штангистами является пограничным с точки зрения потери сухой мышечной массы.